Political - Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
Russia rejected Lenin’s peace at all costs for Trotsky’s “no war, no peace.”, so since a peace settlement could not be secured, war between Russia and the Central Powers continued. A few days laters, Russia accepted Germany's peace terms and the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed on March 3, 1918, marking Russia's exit from World War I. Almost all of the territory Russia got taken away consisted of nations that Russia had absorbed by conquest during the prior several centuries and correspondingly non-Russian speaking population groups. Germany's defeat in World War I, marked by the armistice with the Allies on November 11, 1918 at Compiègne, made it possible for Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Ukraine, and Poland to become independent sovereign states.
Political - Armistice With Germany
By the beginning of October, it was evident that things were not going according to plan for the Germans; the military situation facing them looked hopeless. Ludendorff had decided by October 1st that Germany had two ways out—total annihilation or an armistice. He recommended the latter to senior figures at a summit in Spa, Belgium. Afterwards, Germany asked the Allies for an armistice based on Woodrow Wilson’s ‘Fourteen Points’ on October 4th. As a precondition for negotiations, Wilson demanded the retreat of Germany from all occupied territories, the cessation of submarine activities, and the Kaiser's abdication. Ludendorff suddenly declared that the conditions of the Allies were unacceptable and demanded to resume the war which he himself had declared was lost a month earlier. Ludendorff was soon replaced by General Wilhelm Groener.
On November 5th, the Allies agreed to take up negotiations for a truce, demanding reparation payments. However, an obstacle that lengthened the war was that the Central Powers had no desire to accept Wilson's 'Fourteen Points' and Wilson's promises. On November 8th, German representatives arrived at Compiègne and were handed the terms of an armistice. The next day, Wilhelm II of Germany abdicated. Wilhelm II crossed into the Netherlands after it became clear that the German Army and Navy no longer supported him and on November 11th at 11:00, Germany signed an armistice with the Allies.
On November 5th, the Allies agreed to take up negotiations for a truce, demanding reparation payments. However, an obstacle that lengthened the war was that the Central Powers had no desire to accept Wilson's 'Fourteen Points' and Wilson's promises. On November 8th, German representatives arrived at Compiègne and were handed the terms of an armistice. The next day, Wilhelm II of Germany abdicated. Wilhelm II crossed into the Netherlands after it became clear that the German Army and Navy no longer supported him and on November 11th at 11:00, Germany signed an armistice with the Allies.
Social - Women
When the war ended in November 1918, and the soldiers returned from Europe. The factory-working women were dismissed from their job and replaced by the men who had been serving as soldiers. Evidence suggests that this did not cause resentment among the women as the soldiers had fought for their country. The suffragettes fought for the rights of women to vote because women had proved that if they had the ability to keep the country running during the war, they deserved the right to say how it was governed. After years of opposition, Wilson changed his position in 1918 to advocate women's suffrage as a war measure.
Economics
As the war progressed, total war became a more common strategy. As a result, the economies' of many nations became a target, as even the civillian population became a target for enemy nations. In addition, all resources were concentrated on the war, and all other sectors of the economy were basically ignored. Because of the failing economy, labor unions were on the rise. The war was hurting economies where the war was being fought too much. In contrast, nations where there was no war benefitted enormously. For example, Canada and the United States benefited from the trade and investments in the war and were exempted from the misfortunes of total war.